Files
alecc/src/codegen.rs
2025-08-23 13:13:15 +02:00

1443 líneas
65 KiB
Rust

use crate::error::{AleccError, Result};
use crate::parser::{
BinaryOperator, Expression, Function, Program, Statement, Type, UnaryOperator,
};
use crate::targets::Target;
use std::collections::HashMap;
pub struct CodeGenerator {
target: Target,
output: String,
label_counter: usize,
string_literals: HashMap<String, String>,
current_function_params: Vec<(String, i32)>, // (name, stack_offset)
epilogue_emitted: bool,
local_variables: HashMap<String, i32>, // (name, stack_offset)
stack_offset: i32, // Current stack offset for local variables
last_call_stack_cleanup: usize, // Stack bytes to clean up after last call
}
impl CodeGenerator {
pub fn new(target: Target) -> Self {
Self {
target,
output: String::new(),
label_counter: 0,
string_literals: HashMap::new(),
current_function_params: Vec::new(),
epilogue_emitted: false,
local_variables: HashMap::new(),
stack_offset: 0,
last_call_stack_cleanup: 0,
}
}
pub fn generate(&mut self, program: &Program) -> Result<String> {
// First pass: collect all string literals
for function in &program.functions {
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(&function.body)?;
}
self.emit_header();
// Generate string literals section
if !self.string_literals.is_empty() {
self.emit_line(".section .rodata");
let string_literals = self.string_literals.clone(); // Clone to avoid borrow issues
for (content, label) in &string_literals {
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", label));
self.emit_line(&format!(" .string \"{}\"", self.escape_string(content)));
}
self.emit_line("");
}
// Generate global variables
if !program.global_variables.is_empty() {
self.emit_line(".section .data");
for (name, var_type, _initializer) in &program.global_variables {
self.emit_global_variable(name, var_type)?;
}
self.emit_line("");
}
// Generate functions
self.emit_line(".section .text");
for function in &program.functions {
self.generate_function(function)?;
}
// Generate _start entry point
self.generate_start_function()?;
Ok(self.output.clone())
}
fn generate_start_function(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
self.emit_line("");
self.emit_line(".globl _start");
self.emit_line("_start:");
// Set up stack and call main
self.emit_line(" push rbp");
self.emit_line(" mov rbp, rsp");
// Reserve space for temporary operations (ensures proper stack alignment)
// 120 bytes = 15*8, so after rbp push (8 bytes), total is 128 bytes = multiple of 16
self.emit_line(" sub rsp, 120");
// Call main function
self.emit_line(" call main");
// Exit syscall with main's return value
self.emit_line(" mov rdi, rax"); // exit status = main's return value
self.emit_line(" mov rax, 60"); // sys_exit syscall number
self.emit_line(" syscall"); // invoke syscall
Ok(())
}
fn emit_header(&mut self) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(".arch i386");
self.emit_line(".intel_syntax noprefix");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(".intel_syntax noprefix");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(".arch armv8-a");
}
}
self.emit_line("");
}
fn generate_function(&mut self, function: &Function) -> Result<()> {
// Check if function has a body (implementation) or is just a declaration
match &function.body {
Statement::Block(statements) if statements.is_empty() => {
// This is a forward declaration, generate an external reference
self.emit_line(&format!(".extern {}", function.name));
return Ok(());
}
_ => {
// This is a function definition, generate the actual function
}
}
self.emit_line(&format!(".globl {}", function.name));
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", function.name));
// Set up parameter tracking
self.current_function_params.clear();
self.local_variables.clear();
// Start local variables after parameters to avoid collision
self.stack_offset = -(function.parameters.len() as i32 * 8);
self.epilogue_emitted = false;
// Function prologue
self.emit_function_prologue(&function.parameters)?;
// Function body
self.generate_statement(&function.body)?;
// Function epilogue (always ensure we have a proper function ending)
// This handles cases where there might not be explicit returns in all paths
self.emit_function_epilogue()?;
self.emit_line("");
Ok(())
}
fn emit_function_prologue(&mut self, parameters: &[(String, Type)]) -> Result<()> {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" push ebp");
self.emit_line(" mov ebp, esp");
// Reserve space for parameters only (no extra temporaries for now)
let stack_space = parameters.len() * 4;
if stack_space > 0 {
self.emit_line(&format!(" sub esp, {}", stack_space));
}
// Store parameters from stack (i386 calling convention)
for (i, (name, _)) in parameters.iter().enumerate() {
let param_offset = -(i as i32 + 1) * 4;
let stack_offset = 8 + i as i32 * 4; // ebp + 8 + offset
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]", stack_offset));
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov DWORD PTR [ebp + {}], eax", param_offset));
self.current_function_params
.push((name.clone(), param_offset));
}
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" push rbp");
self.emit_line(" mov rbp, rsp");
// Reserve space for parameters + ensure 16-byte alignment
let stack_space = parameters.len() * 8;
// Always reserve at least 8 bytes to maintain 16-byte alignment after rbp push
let min_space = if stack_space == 0 { 8 } else { stack_space };
let aligned_space = ((min_space + 15) / 16) * 16; // Round up to 16-byte boundary
self.emit_line(&format!(" sub rsp, {}", aligned_space));
// Store parameters from registers (x86_64 calling convention)
let param_registers = ["rdi", "rsi", "rdx", "rcx", "r8", "r9"];
for (i, (name, _)) in parameters.iter().enumerate() {
let param_offset = -(i as i32 + 1) * 8;
if i < param_registers.len() {
// Parameter passed in register
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov QWORD PTR [rbp + {}], {}",
param_offset, param_registers[i]
));
} else {
// Parameter passed on stack
let stack_offset = 16 + (i - param_registers.len()) as i32 * 8;
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]", stack_offset));
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov QWORD PTR [rbp + {}], rax", param_offset));
}
self.current_function_params
.push((name.clone(), param_offset));
}
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!");
self.emit_line(" mov x29, sp");
let stack_space = parameters.len() * 8;
if stack_space > 0 {
let aligned_space = (stack_space + 15) & !15; // 16-byte aligned
self.emit_line(&format!(" sub sp, sp, #{}", aligned_space));
}
// Store parameters from registers (ARM64 calling convention)
for (i, (name, _)) in parameters.iter().enumerate() {
let param_offset = -(i as i32 + 1) * 8;
if i < 8 {
// Parameter passed in register x0-x7
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x{}, [x29, #{}]", i, param_offset));
} else {
// Parameter passed on stack
let stack_offset = 16 + (i - 8) as i32 * 8;
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x9, [x29, #{}]", stack_offset));
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x9, [x29, #{}]", param_offset));
}
self.current_function_params
.push((name.clone(), param_offset));
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn emit_function_epilogue(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
if self.epilogue_emitted {
return Ok(()); // Don't emit duplicate epilogues
}
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" mov esp, ebp");
self.emit_line(" pop ebp");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" mov rsp, rbp");
self.emit_line(" pop rbp");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" mov sp, x29");
self.emit_line(" ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
}
self.epilogue_emitted = true;
Ok(())
}
fn emit_function_epilogue_force(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
// Force emit epilogue regardless of epilogue_emitted flag
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" mov esp, ebp");
self.emit_line(" pop ebp");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" mov rsp, rbp");
self.emit_line(" pop rbp");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" mov sp, x29");
self.emit_line(" ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16");
self.emit_line(" ret");
}
}
self.epilogue_emitted = true;
Ok(())
}
fn generate_statement(&mut self, statement: &Statement) -> Result<()> {
match statement {
Statement::Expression(expr) => {
self.generate_expression(expr)?;
}
Statement::Declaration {
name,
var_type,
initializer,
} => {
// Calculate space needed based on type
let size = match var_type {
Type::Array(_, Some(length)) => length * 8, // Assuming 8-byte elements
Type::Array(_, None) => 80, // Default size for unsized arrays
_ => 8, // Default 8 bytes for simple types
};
// Allocate space for variable/array
self.stack_offset -= size as i32;
let var_offset = self.stack_offset;
// Store variable name and offset for later reference
self.local_variables.insert(name.clone(), var_offset);
if let Some(init_expr) = initializer {
self.generate_expression(init_expr)?;
// Store the value in the local variable slot
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov QWORD PTR [rbp + {}], rax",
var_offset
));
}
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov DWORD PTR [ebp + {}], eax",
var_offset
));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x0, [x29, #{}]", var_offset));
}
}
}
}
Statement::Return(expr) => {
if let Some(expr) = expr {
self.generate_expression(expr)?;
// Move result to return register
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
// Result should already be in eax
}
Target::Amd64 => {
// Result should already be in rax
}
Target::Arm64 => {
// Result should already be in x0
}
}
}
// Force emit epilogue for each return statement
self.emit_function_epilogue_force()?;
}
Statement::Block(statements) => {
for stmt in statements {
self.generate_statement(stmt)?;
}
}
Statement::If {
condition,
then_stmt,
else_stmt,
} => {
let else_label = self.new_label("else");
let end_label = self.new_label("endif");
self.generate_expression(condition)?;
self.emit_conditional_jump(false, &else_label)?;
self.generate_statement(then_stmt)?;
self.emit_jump(&end_label)?;
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", else_label));
if let Some(else_stmt) = else_stmt {
// Reset epilogue flag for else branch in case it contains a return
let saved_epilogue_state = self.epilogue_emitted;
self.epilogue_emitted = false;
self.generate_statement(else_stmt)?;
// If else branch didn't emit epilogue, restore the saved state
if !self.epilogue_emitted {
self.epilogue_emitted = saved_epilogue_state;
}
}
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", end_label));
}
Statement::While { condition, body } => {
let loop_label = self.new_label("loop");
let end_label = self.new_label("endloop");
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", loop_label));
self.generate_expression(condition)?;
self.emit_conditional_jump(false, &end_label)?;
self.generate_statement(body)?;
self.emit_jump(&loop_label)?;
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", end_label));
}
Statement::For {
init,
condition,
increment,
body,
} => {
// Generate initialization
if let Some(init_stmt) = init {
self.generate_statement(init_stmt)?;
}
let loop_label = self.new_label("forloop");
let end_label = self.new_label("endfor");
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", loop_label));
// Generate condition check
if let Some(cond_expr) = condition {
self.generate_expression(cond_expr)?;
self.emit_conditional_jump(false, &end_label)?;
}
// Generate body
self.generate_statement(body)?;
// Generate increment
if let Some(inc_expr) = increment {
self.generate_expression(inc_expr)?;
}
self.emit_jump(&loop_label)?;
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", end_label));
}
_ => {
// Other statements not implemented yet
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Statement type not implemented".to_string(),
});
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn generate_expression(&mut self, expression: &Expression) -> Result<()> {
match expression {
Expression::IntegerLiteral(value) => match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, {}", value));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, {}", value));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov x0, #{}", value));
}
},
Expression::StringLiteral(value) => {
let label = self.get_string_literal_label(value);
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, OFFSET {}", label));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" lea rax, [{}]", label));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" adrp x0, {}", label));
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x0, x0, :lo12:{}", label));
}
}
}
Expression::Identifier(name) => {
// Check if it's a function parameter first
if let Some((_, offset)) = self
.current_function_params
.iter()
.find(|(param_name, _)| param_name == name)
{
// Load parameter from stack
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else if let Some(offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
// Load local variable from stack
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
// Load global variable
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [{}]", name));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [{}]", name));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" adrp x1, {}", name));
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x1, x1, :lo12:{}", name));
self.emit_line(" ldr x0, [x1]");
}
}
}
}
Expression::Call {
function,
arguments,
} => {
// Generate arguments and place in calling convention registers/stack
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
// i386: push arguments in reverse order
for arg in arguments.iter().rev() {
self.generate_expression(arg)?;
self.emit_line(" push eax");
}
}
Target::Amd64 => {
// x86_64: first 6 args in registers, rest on stack
let param_registers = ["rdi", "rsi", "rdx", "rcx", "r8", "r9"];
// Ensure stack alignment before function call
// Stack must be 16-byte aligned before 'call' instruction
// Since 'call' pushes 8 bytes (return address), we need stack to be 8 bytes off 16-byte boundary
let stack_args = if arguments.len() > param_registers.len() {
arguments.len() - param_registers.len()
} else {
0
};
let mut stack_cleanup_size = 0;
// Handle stack arguments if any
if stack_args > 0 {
let total_stack_bytes = stack_args * 8;
// Ensure alignment: if total_stack_bytes is odd multiple of 8, add 8 bytes for alignment
if (total_stack_bytes / 8) % 2 != 0 {
self.emit_line(" sub rsp, 8 # Stack alignment");
stack_cleanup_size += 8;
}
stack_cleanup_size += stack_args * 8;
}
// Note: No additional alignment for register-only calls since function prologue handles it
// First, save any arguments that go on the stack (in reverse order)
if arguments.len() > param_registers.len() {
for arg in arguments.iter().skip(param_registers.len()).rev() {
self.generate_expression(arg)?;
self.emit_line(" push rax");
}
}
// Then handle register arguments in reverse order to avoid overwriting
let reg_args: Vec<_> =
arguments.iter().take(param_registers.len()).collect();
for (i, arg) in reg_args.iter().enumerate().rev() {
self.generate_expression(arg)?;
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov {}, rax", param_registers[i]));
}
// Store cleanup size for later use
self.last_call_stack_cleanup = stack_cleanup_size;
}
Target::Arm64 => {
// ARM64: first 8 args in x0-x7, rest on stack
// Save stack arguments first
if arguments.len() > 8 {
for arg in arguments.iter().skip(8).rev() {
self.generate_expression(arg)?;
self.emit_line(" str x0, [sp, #-16]!");
}
}
// Then handle register arguments in reverse order
let reg_args: Vec<_> = arguments.iter().take(8).collect();
for (i, arg) in reg_args.iter().enumerate().rev() {
self.generate_expression(arg)?;
if i > 0 {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov x{}, x0", i));
}
// x0 already has the result for first argument
}
}
}
if let Expression::Identifier(func_name) = function.as_ref() {
self.emit_line(&format!(" call {}", func_name));
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Indirect function calls not implemented".to_string(),
});
}
// Clean up stack for arguments that were pushed
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
let stack_cleanup = arguments.len() * 4;
if stack_cleanup > 0 {
self.emit_line(&format!(" add esp, {}", stack_cleanup));
}
}
Target::Amd64 => {
// Clean up stack using stored cleanup size
if self.last_call_stack_cleanup > 0 {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" add rsp, {}",
self.last_call_stack_cleanup
));
}
}
Target::Arm64 => {
// Clean up stack arguments (if any)
let stack_args = if arguments.len() > 8 {
arguments.len() - 8
} else {
0
};
if stack_args > 0 {
self.emit_line(&format!(" add sp, sp, #{}", stack_args * 16));
}
}
}
}
Expression::Binary {
left,
operator,
right,
} => {
// Generate binary operations
// First generate right operand and save it
self.generate_expression(right)?;
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" push eax"); // Save right operand
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" push rax"); // Save right operand
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" str x0, [sp, #-16]!"); // Save right operand
}
}
// Generate left operand
self.generate_expression(left)?;
// Pop right operand and perform operation
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" pop ebx"); // Right operand in ebx
match operator {
BinaryOperator::Add => self.emit_line(" add eax, ebx"),
BinaryOperator::Subtract => self.emit_line(" sub eax, ebx"),
BinaryOperator::Multiply => self.emit_line(" imul eax, ebx"),
BinaryOperator::Divide => {
self.emit_line(" cdq"); // Sign extend eax to edx:eax
self.emit_line(" idiv ebx");
}
BinaryOperator::Modulo => {
self.emit_line(" cdq"); // Sign extend eax to edx:eax
self.emit_line(" idiv ebx");
self.emit_line(" mov eax, edx"); // Remainder is in edx
}
_ => {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!(
"Binary operator {:?} not implemented for i386",
operator
),
});
}
}
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" pop rbx"); // Right operand in rbx
match operator {
BinaryOperator::Add => self.emit_line(" add rax, rbx"),
BinaryOperator::Subtract => self.emit_line(" sub rax, rbx"),
BinaryOperator::Multiply => self.emit_line(" imul rax, rbx"),
BinaryOperator::Divide => {
self.emit_line(" cqo"); // Sign extend rax to rdx:rax
self.emit_line(" idiv rbx");
}
BinaryOperator::Modulo => {
self.emit_line(" cqo"); // Sign extend rax to rdx:rax
self.emit_line(" idiv rbx");
self.emit_line(" mov rax, rdx"); // Remainder is in rdx
}
// Comparison operators
BinaryOperator::Equal => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" sete al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::NotEqual => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setne al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::Less => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setl al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::Greater => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setg al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::LessEqual => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setle al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::GreaterEqual => {
self.emit_line(" cmp rax, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setge al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
// Logical operators
BinaryOperator::LogicalAnd => {
self.emit_line(" test rax, rax");
self.emit_line(" setne al");
self.emit_line(" test rbx, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setne bl");
self.emit_line(" and al, bl");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
BinaryOperator::LogicalOr => {
self.emit_line(" test rax, rax");
self.emit_line(" setne al");
self.emit_line(" test rbx, rbx");
self.emit_line(" setne bl");
self.emit_line(" or al, bl");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
// Bitwise operators
BinaryOperator::BitwiseAnd => self.emit_line(" and rax, rbx"),
BinaryOperator::BitwiseOr => self.emit_line(" or rax, rbx"),
BinaryOperator::BitwiseXor => self.emit_line(" xor rax, rbx"),
// Shift operators
BinaryOperator::LeftShift => {
self.emit_line(" mov rcx, rbx"); // Shift count in rcx
self.emit_line(" shl rax, cl");
}
BinaryOperator::RightShift => {
self.emit_line(" mov rcx, rbx"); // Shift count in rcx
self.emit_line(" sar rax, cl"); // Arithmetic right shift
}
}
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" ldr x1, [sp], #16"); // Right operand in x1
match operator {
BinaryOperator::Add => self.emit_line(" add x0, x0, x1"),
BinaryOperator::Subtract => self.emit_line(" sub x0, x0, x1"),
BinaryOperator::Multiply => self.emit_line(" mul x0, x0, x1"),
BinaryOperator::Divide => self.emit_line(" sdiv x0, x0, x1"),
BinaryOperator::Modulo => {
self.emit_line(" sdiv x2, x0, x1"); // x2 = x0 / x1
self.emit_line(" msub x0, x2, x1, x0"); // x0 = x0 - (x2 * x1)
}
_ => {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!(
"Binary operator {:?} not implemented for arm64",
operator
),
});
}
}
}
}
}
Expression::Unary { operator, operand } => {
match operator {
UnaryOperator::Minus => {
self.generate_expression(operand)?;
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" neg eax");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" neg rax");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" neg x0, x0");
}
}
}
UnaryOperator::Plus => {
// Plus is a no-op, just generate the operand
self.generate_expression(operand)?;
}
UnaryOperator::LogicalNot => {
self.generate_expression(operand)?;
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" test eax, eax");
self.emit_line(" setz al");
self.emit_line(" movzx eax, al");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" test rax, rax");
self.emit_line(" setz al");
self.emit_line(" movzx rax, al");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" cmp x0, #0");
self.emit_line(" cset x0, eq");
}
}
}
UnaryOperator::BitwiseNot => {
self.generate_expression(operand)?;
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" not eax");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" not rax");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" mvn x0, x0");
}
}
}
UnaryOperator::PreIncrement => {
// Load variable, increment, store back, and leave incremented value in register
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = operand.as_ref() {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" inc DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" inc QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(" add x0, x0, #1");
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Undefined variable: {}", name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Pre-increment can only be applied to variables"
.to_string(),
});
}
}
UnaryOperator::PostIncrement => {
// Load variable, store incremented value, but leave original value in register
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = operand.as_ref() {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" inc DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" inc QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x1, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(" add x1, x1, #1");
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x1, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Undefined variable: {}", name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Post-increment can only be applied to variables"
.to_string(),
});
}
}
UnaryOperator::PreDecrement => {
// Similar to PreIncrement but with decrement
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = operand.as_ref() {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" dec DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" dec QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(" sub x0, x0, #1");
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Undefined variable: {}", name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Pre-decrement can only be applied to variables"
.to_string(),
});
}
}
UnaryOperator::PostDecrement => {
// Similar to PostIncrement but with decrement
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = operand.as_ref() {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" dec DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(
" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
self.emit_line(&format!(
" dec QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]",
offset
));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x1, [x29, #{}]", offset));
self.emit_line(" sub x1, x1, #1");
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x1, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Undefined variable: {}", name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Post-decrement can only be applied to variables"
.to_string(),
});
}
}
UnaryOperator::AddressOf => {
// Get address of a variable
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = operand.as_ref() {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" lea eax, [ebp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" lea rax, [rbp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x0, x29, #{}", offset));
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Undefined variable: {}", name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Address-of can only be applied to variables".to_string(),
});
}
}
UnaryOperator::Dereference => {
// Dereference a pointer (load value from address)
self.generate_expression(operand)?; // Get the address
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [eax]");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rax]");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(" ldr x0, [x0]");
}
}
}
}
}
Expression::Index { array, index } => {
// Generate the array base address
if let Expression::Identifier(array_name) = array.as_ref() {
if let Some(&base_offset) = self.local_variables.get(array_name) {
// Generate the index expression
self.generate_expression(index)?;
// Calculate the array element address: base + index * element_size
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
// Multiply index by 8 (assuming int is 8 bytes for simplicity)
self.emit_line(" imul rax, 8"); // Use imul instead of mul
// Add base address
self.emit_line(&format!(" lea rbx, [rbp + {}]", base_offset));
self.emit_line(" add rax, rbx");
// Load the value at that address
self.emit_line(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rax]");
}
Target::I386 => {
// Similar for 32-bit
self.emit_line(" imul eax, 4"); // Use imul instead of mul
self.emit_line(&format!(" lea ebx, [ebp + {}]", base_offset));
self.emit_line(" add eax, ebx");
self.emit_line(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [eax]");
}
Target::Arm64 => {
// ARM64 implementation
self.emit_line(" lsl x0, x0, #3"); // multiply by 8
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x1, x29, #{}", base_offset));
self.emit_line(" add x0, x0, x1");
self.emit_line(" ldr x0, [x0]");
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: format!("Array '{}' not found", array_name),
});
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Complex array expressions not yet supported".to_string(),
});
}
}
Expression::Assignment {
target,
operator,
value,
} => {
// Handle compound assignment operators
match operator {
crate::parser::AssignmentOperator::Assign => {
// Simple assignment: target = value
self.generate_expression(value)?;
self.store_in_target(target)?;
}
crate::parser::AssignmentOperator::PlusAssign => {
// target += value => target = target + value
self.load_from_target(target)?; // Load current value
self.emit_line(" push rax"); // Save current value
self.generate_expression(value)?; // Generate RHS
self.emit_line(" pop rbx"); // Restore current value
self.emit_line(" add rax, rbx"); // target + value
self.store_in_target(target)?; // Store result
}
crate::parser::AssignmentOperator::MinusAssign => {
// target -= value => target = target - value
self.load_from_target(target)?;
self.emit_line(" push rax");
self.generate_expression(value)?;
self.emit_line(" mov rbx, rax"); // RHS in rbx
self.emit_line(" pop rax"); // Current value in rax
self.emit_line(" sub rax, rbx"); // target - value
self.store_in_target(target)?;
}
crate::parser::AssignmentOperator::MultiplyAssign => {
// target *= value => target = target * value
self.load_from_target(target)?;
self.emit_line(" push rax");
self.generate_expression(value)?;
self.emit_line(" pop rbx");
self.emit_line(" imul rax, rbx"); // target * value
self.store_in_target(target)?;
}
crate::parser::AssignmentOperator::DivideAssign => {
// target /= value => target = target / value
self.load_from_target(target)?;
self.emit_line(" push rax");
self.generate_expression(value)?;
self.emit_line(" mov rbx, rax"); // RHS in rbx
self.emit_line(" pop rax"); // Current value in rax
self.emit_line(" cqo"); // Sign extend for division
self.emit_line(" idiv rbx"); // target / value
self.store_in_target(target)?;
}
_ => {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Assignment operator not implemented".to_string(),
});
}
}
}
_ => {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Expression type not implemented".to_string(),
});
}
}
Ok(())
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn push_argument(&mut self, _index: usize) -> Result<()> {
match self.target {
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(" push eax");
}
Target::Amd64 => {
// Use calling convention registers
self.emit_line(" push rax"); // Simplified
}
Target::Arm64 => {
// Use calling convention registers
self.emit_line(" str x0, [sp, #-16]!"); // Simplified
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn load_from_target(&mut self, target: &Expression) -> Result<()> {
// Load the current value of target into rax
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = target {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [ebp + {}]", offset));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" ldr x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
// Global variable
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov rax, QWORD PTR [{}]", name));
}
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov eax, DWORD PTR [{}]", name));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" adrp x1, {}", name));
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x1, x1, :lo12:{}", name));
self.emit_line(" ldr x0, [x1]");
}
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Complex assignment targets not supported for compound operators yet"
.to_string(),
});
}
Ok(())
}
fn store_in_target(&mut self, target: &Expression) -> Result<()> {
// Store rax value into target
if let Expression::Identifier(name) = target {
if let Some(&offset) = self.local_variables.get(name) {
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov QWORD PTR [rbp + {}], rax", offset));
}
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov DWORD PTR [ebp + {}], eax", offset));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" str x0, [x29, #{}]", offset));
}
}
} else {
// Global variable
match self.target {
Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov QWORD PTR [{}], rax", name));
}
Target::I386 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" mov DWORD PTR [{}], eax", name));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" adrp x1, {}", name));
self.emit_line(&format!(" add x1, x1, :lo12:{}", name));
self.emit_line(" str x0, [x1]");
}
}
}
} else {
return Err(AleccError::CodegenError {
message: "Complex assignment targets not supported for compound operators yet"
.to_string(),
});
}
Ok(())
}
fn emit_conditional_jump(&mut self, condition: bool, label: &str) -> Result<()> {
let instruction = if condition { "jnz" } else { "jz" };
match self.target {
Target::I386 | Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" test eax, eax"));
self.emit_line(&format!(" {} {}", instruction, label));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
let branch_inst = if condition { "cbnz" } else { "cbz" };
self.emit_line(&format!(" {} x0, {}", branch_inst, label));
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn emit_jump(&mut self, label: &str) -> Result<()> {
match self.target {
Target::I386 | Target::Amd64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" jmp {}", label));
}
Target::Arm64 => {
self.emit_line(&format!(" b {}", label));
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn emit_global_variable(&mut self, name: &str, var_type: &Type) -> Result<()> {
let size = self.get_type_size(var_type);
self.emit_line(&format!("{}:", name));
match size {
1 => self.emit_line(" .byte 0"),
2 => self.emit_line(" .word 0"),
4 => self.emit_line(" .long 0"),
8 => self.emit_line(" .quad 0"),
_ => self.emit_line(&format!(" .zero {}", size)),
}
Ok(())
}
fn get_type_size(&self, var_type: &Type) -> usize {
match var_type {
Type::Char => 1,
Type::Short => 2,
Type::Int => 4,
Type::Long => self.target.pointer_size(),
Type::Float => 4,
Type::Double => 8,
Type::Pointer(_) => self.target.pointer_size(),
_ => self.target.pointer_size(), // Default
}
}
fn get_string_literal_label(&mut self, content: &str) -> String {
if let Some(label) = self.string_literals.get(content) {
label.clone()
} else {
let label = format!(".LC{}", self.string_literals.len());
self.string_literals
.insert(content.to_string(), label.clone());
label
}
}
fn new_label(&mut self, prefix: &str) -> String {
let label = format!(".L{}_{}", prefix, self.label_counter);
self.label_counter += 1;
label
}
fn emit_line(&mut self, line: &str) {
self.output.push_str(line);
self.output.push('\n');
}
fn escape_string(&self, s: &str) -> String {
s.replace('\\', "\\\\")
.replace('"', "\\\"")
.replace('\n', "\\n")
.replace('\t', "\\t")
.replace('\r', "\\r")
}
fn collect_string_literals_from_statement(&mut self, stmt: &Statement) -> Result<()> {
match stmt {
Statement::Expression(expr) => self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(expr),
Statement::Block(statements) => {
for stmt in statements {
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(stmt)?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::Return(expr) => {
if let Some(expr) = expr {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(expr)?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::If {
condition,
then_stmt,
else_stmt,
} => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(condition)?;
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(then_stmt)?;
if let Some(else_statement) = else_stmt {
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(else_statement)?;
}
Ok(())
}
Statement::While { condition, body } => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(condition)?;
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(body)?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::For {
init,
condition,
increment,
body,
} => {
if let Some(init_stmt) = init {
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(init_stmt)?;
}
if let Some(cond_expr) = condition {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(cond_expr)?;
}
if let Some(inc_expr) = increment {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(inc_expr)?;
}
self.collect_string_literals_from_statement(body)?;
Ok(())
}
Statement::Declaration { initializer, .. } => {
if let Some(expr) = initializer {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(expr)?;
}
Ok(())
}
_ => Ok(()), // Other statement types don't have expressions we need to collect
}
}
fn collect_string_literals_from_expression(&mut self, expr: &Expression) -> Result<()> {
match expr {
Expression::StringLiteral(value) => {
self.get_string_literal_label(value);
Ok(())
}
Expression::Binary { left, right, .. } => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(left)?;
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(right)?;
Ok(())
}
Expression::Unary { operand, .. } => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(operand)?;
Ok(())
}
Expression::Call {
function,
arguments,
} => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(function)?;
for arg in arguments {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(arg)?;
}
Ok(())
}
Expression::Assignment { target, value, .. } => {
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(target)?;
self.collect_string_literals_from_expression(value)?;
Ok(())
}
_ => Ok(()), // Other expression types don't contain string literals
}
}
}